The Role of Above- and Belowground Linkages in Ecosystem Functioning
نویسندگان
چکیده
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Effects of plant diversity on higher trophic levels 2.1. How plant diversity affects the soil food-web 2.2. Links between plant diversity and aboveground organisms 3. Effects of above-and belowground organisms on plant diversity and ecosystem processes 3.1. How decomposers affect resource availability and plant diversity 3.2. Aboveground herbivores and plant diversity: selectivity, disturbance and nutrients 3.3. Grazing in the dark: the role of belowground herbivores 3.4. More trophic links: effects of pathogens, mutualists, and predators 4. Interactions between aboveground and belowground organisms 4.1. Interactions on a single host plant (see Figure 4) 4.2. Interactions in communities (see Figure 5) 5. Discussion 6. Conclusions Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketches
منابع مشابه
Above- and belowground linkages in Sphagnum peatland: climate warming affects plant-microbial interactions.
Peatlands contain approximately one third of all soil organic carbon (SOC). Warming can alter above- and belowground linkages that regulate soil organic carbon dynamics and C-balance in peatlands. Here we examine the multiyear impact of in situ experimental warming on the microbial food web, vegetation, and their feedbacks with soil chemistry. We provide evidence of both positive and negative i...
متن کاملSoil nutrient heterogeneity modulates ecosystem responses to changes in the identity and richness of plant functional groups.
Recent research has shown that biodiversity may has its greatest impact on ecosystem functioning in heterogeneous environments. However, the role of soil heterogeneity as a modulator of ecosystem responses to changes in biodiversity remains poorly understood, as few biodiversity studies have explicitly considered this important ecosystem feature.We conducted a microcosm experiment over two grow...
متن کاملThe links between ecosystem multifunctionality and above- and belowground biodiversity are mediated by climate
Plant biodiversity is often correlated with ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we know little about the relative and combined effects of above- and belowground biodiversity on multiple ecosystem functions (for example, ecosystem multifunctionality, EMF) or how climate might mediate those relationships. Here we tease apart the effects of biotic and abiotic factors, both ab...
متن کاملThe Afterlife of Interspecific Indirect Genetic Effects: Genotype Interactions Alter Litter Quality with Consequences for Decomposition and Nutrient Dynamics
Aboveground-belowground linkages are recognized as divers of community dynamics and ecosystem processes, but the impacts of plant-neighbor interactions on these linkages are virtually unknown. Plant-neighbor interactions are a type of interspecific indirect genetic effect (IIGE) if the focal plant's phenotype is altered by the expression of genes in a neighboring heterospecific plant, and IIGEs...
متن کاملLinking above- and belowground responses to global change at community and ecosystem scales
Cryptic belowground organisms are difficult to observe and their responses to global changes are not well understood. Nevertheless, there is reason to believe that interactions among aboveand belowground communities may mediate ecosystem responses to global change. We used grassland mesocosms to manipulate the abundance of one important group of soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi...
متن کامل